Dr. Dustin Massingale is a results-driven IT professional with over 15 years of progressive experience in high-paced organizations. He has a proven track record in driving business growth through strategic technology implementation, turnaround projects, and delivering innovative solutions. Specializing in DevOps practices, cloud architecture, project management, and Microsoft Development, Dr. Dustin is also a seasoned project manager, web application architect, and certified DevOps Architect.
As the author of the One Week Bible, he holds a Doctorate of Biblical Studies and continues to deepen his understanding as a dedicated student of Biblical Greek. In ministry, Dr. Dustin is an enthusiastic Scouter and Counselor for the P.R.A.Y. Religious programs. He serves as a teacher and worship leader in the Children's ministry at Grace One Church.
A devotional Bible Survey of the entire bible. It is divided into 7 days to be read in a week. Additional material is provided in appendixes and introductions that help guide further reading as well as history, apologetics, and frequently asked questions.
Installable Progressive Web Apps — works offline on any device.
A Scripture study app powered by Strong’s Hebrew & Greek — search by book, chapter, and verse with inline concordance, dictionary, and thesaurus entries.
An interactive Bible study app built for children — engaging content designed to bring Scripture to life for young readers.
For those on a tight timeline or simply seeking a review, you might already be familiar with the Bible Survey known as One Week Bible. But did you know there's a condensed Greek Grammar guide titled "Read Greek in 30 Days or Less" by Dr. W. Larry Richards? This guide emphasizes a simplified approach called the 8 Minimums. After being overwhelmed by two different Greek home certification programs, the 8 Minimums provided the clarity I needed. They helped me succeed on my third certificate attempt!
To read Greek, it's crucial to sound out the words in your head. Expand the section below for a handy guide if you need it or want a refresher.
If you studied Spanish, French, German, or Latin in high school, you've already encountered the core ideas behind Greek grammar — noun genders, verb endings that change by person, and mood. Many English words you use every day come directly from the same Greek words you'll meet in the New Testament. Here are some you'll recognize immediately:
| Greek Word | Sounds Like | Meaning | You Know It From… |
|---|---|---|---|
| λόγος | logos | word, reason | logic, dialogue, theology, biology, psychology |
| θεός | theos | God | theology, atheist, theocracy |
| βίβλος | biblos | book | Bible, bibliography, bibliophile |
| χριστός | christos | anointed one | Christ, Christian, Christmas |
| ἄνθρωπος | anthropos | human being | anthropology, philanthropy, misanthrope |
| φῶς / φωτ- | phos / phot- | light | photograph, photosynthesis, phosphorus |
| πνεῦμα | pneuma | spirit, breath | pneumatic, pneumonia |
| εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | good news | evangelical, evangelist, angel |
| γράφω | grapho | to write | graph, photograph, biography, geography |
| ψυχή | psyche | soul, mind | psychology, psychiatry, psyche |
| κόσμος | kosmos | world, order | cosmos, cosmic, cosmopolitan |
| ἀγάπη | agape | selfless love | agape (used directly in English) |
| Greek Letter | Uppercase | Lowercase | Erasmian Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | Α | α | a | apple |
| Beta | Β | β | b | boy |
| Gamma | Γ | γ | g | good |
| Delta | Δ | δ | d | dog |
| Epsilon | Ε | ε | e | elephant |
| Zeta | Ζ | ζ | z | zebra |
| Eta | Η | η | ē | they |
| Theta | Θ | θ | th | thing |
| Iota | Ι | ι | i | ice |
| Kappa | Κ | κ | k | kite |
| Lambda | Λ | λ | l | lion |
| Mu | Μ | μ | m | moon |
| Nu | Ν | ν | n | nose |
| Xi | Ξ | ξ | x | fox |
| Omicron | Ο | ο | o | open |
| Pi | Π | π | p | pie |
| Rho | Ρ | ρ | r | rose |
| Sigma | Σ | σ | s | sun |
| Tau | Τ | τ | t | tree |
| Upsilon | Υ | υ | u | us |
| Phi | Φ | φ | ph | phone |
| Chi | Χ | χ | ch | chair |
| Psi | Ψ | ψ | ps | caps |
| Omega | Ω | ω | ō | omega |
| Greek Diphthong | Uppercase | Lowercase | Erasmian Pronunciation | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha Iota | ΑΙ | αι | ai | aisle |
| Alpha Upsilon | ΑΥ | αυ | au | out |
| Epsilon Iota | ΕΙ | ει | ei | they |
| Epsilon Upsilon | ΕΥ | ευ | eu | feud |
| Omicron Iota | ΟΙ | οι | oi | boil |
| Omicron Upsilon | ΟΥ | ου | ou | ooze |
| Upsilon Iota | ΥΙ | υι | ui | quick |
⚠ Watch out — these look English but sound different in Greek:
This section is designed to accompany this unique learning method by providing some examples and definitions that will help refresh or introduce individuals interested in learning the language of the Gospels in the Bible.
In the mind of the writer, the action event simply took place
(Aorist)
or will take place (Future).
Long, F. J. (2005). Kairos: a beginning Greek grammar (p. 94).
Fredrick J. Long.
−σ
Future
(active and middle)
−θησ Future (passive)
−σα (σ)*
1 Aorist
(active and middle)
−θη (θε) (θ)** 1 Aorist (passive)
−κα (κ)***
Perfect
(active)
−(none) Perfect (middle/passive)
Many of Dr. Richards' students struggled with the μι verb, so another minimum was introduced that is not included on his single page. He created the slide shown in the image below.
As you work through Greek vocabulary and parsing, SBible gives you immediate access to Strong’s Hebrew & Greek Dictionaries, Thesaurus, and Concordance — right alongside the text. Look up any word’s original meaning, trace it across the entire Bible, and see how translators rendered it in every other verse.
Open SBibleW. Larry Richards (1936–2017) — New Testament Professor Emeritus, Andrews University
W. Larry Richards was a distinguished theologian, educator, and author whose life was marked by an unwavering dedication to his faith, his family, and his scholarly pursuits. Born in 1936, Larry's journey began with a deep commitment to learning and spiritual growth that would shape an extraordinary career spanning more than five decades.
He received his undergraduate degree from Pacific Union College, followed by a Master of Divinity (MDiv) from Andrews University, and a Ph.D. from Northwestern University. These academic foundations equipped him for a career that bridged pastoral ministry and rigorous New Testament scholarship.
Larry began his career as a church pastor before joining Pacific Union College as a professor in its Department of Theology. His passion for the Greek New Testament drew him to the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary at Andrews University, where he served in two distinct periods — 1966 to 1977, and again from 1994 to 2003. During those years he taught Beginning and Intermediate Greek, Formation and History of the New Testament (Textual Criticism), and courses on 1 & 2 Corinthians. Following his second tenure he was appointed Emeritus Professor of New Testament Exegesis, a title he held until his passing.
As founding director of the Greek Manuscript Research Center at Andrews University, Larry oversaw the acquisition and cataloguing of Greek New Testament manuscript facsimiles, contributing original peer-reviewed research to the field. His article "New Testament Greek Manuscript Facsimiles at Andrews University" was published in Andrews University Seminary Studies (Vol. 42, Spring 2004), demonstrating his commitment to making primary-source manuscript study accessible to Adventist scholars.
Larry's published works reflect the full breadth of his scholarly life. His commentaries 1 Corinthians: The Essentials of Christian Living (1997) and 2 Corinthians: God's Way is the Best Way (1998) remain valued resources in Adventist theological circles. His most widely read work, Read Greek in 30 Days (or Less) (2011), covers not only the New Testament but also the Old Testament, Apocrypha, Philo, and the Church Fathers — making it a uniquely comprehensive entry point for students of biblical Greek. The guide's "8 Minimums" approach has helped countless learners, including Dr. Dustin Massingale, navigate Greek grammar after other methods proved overwhelming.
W. Larry Richards passed away peacefully on Sabbath, March 18, 2017, at home and surrounded by his family — accepting his passing, as Andrews University noted, "just as he lived his 81 years: with infinite grace, dignity and tranquility." A memorial service was held on April 1, 2017, at the Elmshaven Seventh-day Adventist Church in Deer Park (St. Helena), California.
Despite all of his notable achievements, Larry will be best remembered by his family as a loving and devoted father and grandfather. His legacy endures through his scholarly contributions, the students he mentored, and the readers who continue to benefit from his life's work.